围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。     

日粮色氨酸水平对仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标影响的研究

在赖氨酸/蛋氨酸+胱氨酸/苏氨酸/异亮氨酸比例为100:68:65:59的玉米—玉米蛋白粉基础日粮中,添加合成的 L-色氨酸构成5种色氨酸(TRP)水平的日粮(TRP 水平分别为0.125%、0.155%、0.180%、0.215%和0.24%)。将35头太湖母猪与长白公猪的杂交仔猪在35日龄断奶时,随机分为5组,分别饲喂上述为同 TRP 水平的日粮,饲养期长达30天。结果表明,日粮(TRP)水平显著影响仔猪的日均耗料量(ADFI)、日均增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。TRP 水平为0.215%时,仔猪生长性能最好。TRP 水平为0.24%时仔猪的生长性能与0.215%时差异不显著(P>0.05)。TRP 水平在0.125%～0.215%范围内,仔猪 ADG、ADFI 与 TRP 水平呈正相关,回归方程分别为:ADG(g)=2.57 TRP(mg/kg)-80.21,(r=0.99,P<0.01);ADFI(g)=2.49 TRP(mg/kg)+220.31,(r=0.95,P>0.05);FCR 与日粮 TRP 水平呈显著负相关,回归方程为:FCR=2.877-5.668 TRP(%),(r=0.945,P<0.01).血清尿素氮(SUN)含量与日粮 TRP 水平呈负相关,回归方程为 SUN=19.47-34.35TRP(%),(r=0.95,P<0.05)。从仔猪生长性能和 SUN 两项指标确定 TRP 在理想氨基酸模式中的相应值分别为18和20。在 TRP 水平0.125%～0.215%范围内,血清碱性磷酸酶活性与 TRP 水平呈现正相关,在0.215%时最高;TRP 水平在0.24%时与0.215%时差异不显著(P>0.05)。日粮 TRP 水平对血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮 TRP 水平对血清总蛋白含量无显著影响,而血清蛋白含量随 TRP 水平升高而增加,在0.215%时最高。血清蛋白质系数(A/G)在各 TRP 水平间有显著差异(P<0.05),日粮中 TRP 含量在0.125%时,A/G显著降低(P<0.05),A/G 在 TRP 水平为0.215%时最高,TRP 在0.125%～0.215%之间,A/G 呈现线性递增,回归方程为:A/G=9.34TRP(%)+0.956,r=0.98,P<0.05),而 TRP 水平为0.24%与0.215%的两组 A/G 无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

无角美利奴亲本母羊生产性能与血液生化指标的相关性

对８７只无角美利奴亲本母羊的生产性能及其血液生化指标进行了测试分析，试验结果表明，毛长，毛密，体重与其血清无机磷，血清钙磷乘积，血清总蛋白，血清白蛋白、胆固醇、黄疽指数呈极显著正相关；与血清钠、胡萝卜素，ａ２球蛋白呈显著正相关；而与血清磨香草酚浊度呈极显著负相关；与硫酸锌浊度、血清谷草转氨酶活力呈显著负相关；与其年龄呈显著负相关。     

甜橙新品种‘兴国甜橙3-5’

 ‘兴国甜橙3-5 ’是从实生‘兴国甜橙’后代中选出的新品种。果皮橙黄至橙红色。果实近圆球形, 平均单果质量167. 7 g , 可溶性固形物含量13. 6% ~ 15. 1%, 总糖含量10. 3% ~ 11. 5%, 总酸含量0. 47%~ 0. 93%, 可食率79. 27%~ 80. 75%, 果汁率65. 18%~ 65. 96%, 11 月上旬成熟。     

Analysis of blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the early time after trauma

AIM: To explore the variation of blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the early time after trauma and improve the diagnosis and first aid. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with trauma from August 2003 to February 2004 were divided into two groups by their AIS-ISS90 score. The data of temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, white blood cell counts, Hb, blood glucose and arterial blood gas (PaO₂, PaCO₂, HCO₃^-, AG) were collected and compared with each group by statistic methods. RESULTS: Of the 88 patients, 49 underwent SIRS, 12 in light trauma group (ISS≥16) and 37 in severe trauma group (ISS<16). Compared with light trauma group, the data of pulse, respiratory rate, white blood cell counts, blood glucose, AG and rate of SIRS of severe trauma group were higher, PaO₂ and HCO₃^- were lower and the cases of PaCO₂>45 mmHg or <35 mmHg were more (P<0.01). The data of temperature and Hb had not significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). 13 patients had MODS in severe trauma group and 2 died while none had MODS or died in light trauma group. CONCLUSION: Application of AIS-ISS90 and SIRS-related blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients in the early time after trauma.     

Chloride channels of platelets

Chloride channels distribute widely in the body, and participate in many physiological actions and regulatory processes. Based on their physiological roles and molecular structures, six kinds of chloride channels have been identified: (1) The chloride channels family; (2) Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; (3) Swelling-activated chloride channels; (4) Calcium-activated chloride channels; (5) The p64 (CLIC) gene family; (6) γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine receptors. The chloride channels do exist in platelets, and their appearances are dependent on the presence of intracellular calcium. Blocking agents of chloride channels inhibit the thrombin-activated platelet aggregation and the elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that chloride channels play a role in the activation of platelets. In addition, chloride channels act on both the cell volume regulation and the intracellular pH regulation in platelets.     

二丁酰环腺苷酸的合成与性质研究

以ATP为原料采用化学方法合成了dbcAMP及其钠盐 ,并对其理化性质和吸收特性进行了研究。经质谱分析 ,其结构为C18H2 3 N5O8PNa ,分子量为 4 90 .0 ;经紫外光谱测定其含量为 96 .0 % ,产品的得率为 85 .6 %。dbcAMP钠盐为白色粉末 ,可溶于水与乙醇 ,对热和酸碱比较稳定。经饲料添加和皮下注射dbcAMP检测其经消化道和皮下吸收的性能。通过测定饲喂和皮下注射dbcAMP后 0 .5h、1～ 96h不同时间内血液dbcAMP的浓度表明 ,饲料添加在 3h内达到最大浓度 84 .75pmol/mL ,皮下注射在 2h内达到最大浓度 92 .96pmol/mL ,之后血液中dbcAMP的浓度逐渐下降 ,在 96h达到较低水平。     

DCAB对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能、血液酸碱平衡及血清矿物质含量的影响

试验选用荷斯坦泌乳早期奶牛15头,采用3X3复拉丁方试验设计,研究日粮DCAB水平分别为+367、+514、+663mmol/kgDM对奶牛生产性能、血液酸碱平衡和血清矿物质含量的影响。试验结果,不同DCAB水平日粮对奶牛奶产量差异不显著(P>0.05),高DCAB水平日粮可增加奶牛血液标准HCO-3含量(P<0.05),不同DCAB水平对奶牛各种血清常量矿物质含量没有影响(P>0.05)。试验表明,日粮DCAB水平超过+514mmol/kgDM可对奶牛奶产量产生不利影响。     

围产期奶牛血钙影响因素及其与生产性能关系分析

本试验旨在探究围产期奶牛血钙浓度影响因素及其与生产性能的关系。于2018年7月20日—8月15日对北京地区36头围产期健康荷斯坦牛的血钙浓度进行测定,收集该牛场奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)报告,利用固定效应模型分析不同胎次、体况评分(BCS)、健康状况及血钙浓度变异度对血钙浓度的影响。结果表明:血钙浓度与产后天数存在显著的正向相关关系;经产牛的血钙浓度(1.40 mmol/L)极显著高于初产牛(1.31 mmol/L);不同BCS分组奶牛血钙浓度差异不显著;健康组的血钙浓度(1.41 mmol/L)显著高于患病组(1.30 mmol/L);血钙浓度变异度的大小影响奶牛的产奶量,初产奶牛低变异度组的产奶量(16.70 kg/d)显著高于中变异度组(9.75 kg/d)和高变异度组(5.63 kg/d)。本研究进一步揭示了围产期荷斯坦牛血钙浓度的变化规律以及其影响因素,为预防奶牛产后低血钙症的发生以及制定提高奶牛生产性能的饲养管理策略提供参考。     

Assessment of Uterine Vascular Perfusion During the Estrous Cycle of Mares in Connection to Circulating Leptin and Nitric Oxide Concentrations

The objective of this study was to find difference in vascular perfusion of uterine horns or uterine body throughout the estrous cycle and their relation to circulating nitric oxide and leptin concentrations. Five cyclic mares were subjected to transrectal Doppler ultrasonography and blood sampling for 18 days. Area of color and power Doppler modes was measured in pixels. Day (P = .0001) of the estrous cycle and ovulation (P = .0001) influenced uterine blood flow. Uterine body blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day 0 (day of ovulation), and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until days 12 and 10, respectively. Conversely to the contralateral uterine horn, ipsilateral uterine horn blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day −1, and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until day 10. Nitric oxide concentrations (P = .0001) attained two major peaks; the first on day −3 and the other persisted from day 2 until day 5. Leptin concentrations increased (P > .001) with a maximum value on day 0 and then decreased until a minimum value on day 9. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, ipsilateral uterine horn and uterine body blood vessels had similar blood flow. Both leptin and nitric oxide played a role during follicle growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum development and modulated uterine blood flow before and after ovulation.